Anstruther is a small town in Fife. The two Anstruthers are divided by a small stream called Dreel Burn. Anstruther lies 9 miles south-southeast of St Andrews. It is the largest community on the stretch of north-shore coastline of the Firth of Forth known as the East Neuk, with a population of about 3,500 people. The village of Cellardyke forms an easterly extension of Anstruther. It was originally a fishing village, and is home to the Scottish Fisheries Museum, but its main industry is now tourism, although other small scale manufacturing and service industries continue.

Burntisland is a town and former royal burgh in Fife, on the Firth of Forth. It is known locally for its sandy blue flag beach, the 15th century Rossend Castle, and its traditional summer fair and Highland games day. To the north of the town a hill called The Binn is a landmark of the Fife coastline; a volcanic plug from the same volcano as the Edinburgh Castle Rock, it rises 193m (632ft) above sea level. Burntisland has a population of 5,667 and is a Fairtrade Town.

Crail probably dates from at least as far back as the Pictish period, as the place-name includes the Pictish/Brythonic element caer, 'fort', and there is a Dark Age cross-slab preserved in the parish Kirk, itself dedicated to the early holy man St. Maelrubha. Built around a harbour, it has a particular wealth of vernacular buildings from the 17th to early 19th centuries, many restored by the National Trust for Scotland, and is a favourite subject for artists. The most notable building in the town is the 13th century parish church. Though much altered, this is one of Scotland's most beautiful ancient churches, with a fine western tower with small spire, and a double arcade of round pillars of variegated red sandstone in the nave.

Cupar is approximately equidistant between the larger settlements of Dundee and Glenrothes. Cupar was the county town of Fife, an honour that it inherited from the town of Crail back in 1214, until 1975 when the administration of the newly-created Fife Regional Council decided to move to more modern offices in Glenrothes. Between 1975 and 1993 Cupar was home to the now-abolished North East Fife District Council, which used the County Buildings on St Catherine's Street as their administrative headquarters.

Dunfermline sits on high ground 3 miles from the shore of the Firth of Forth, northwest of Edinburgh. The town is a historic capital of Scotland. King Robert the Bruce is buried within Dunfermline Abbey, which is situated in the town. The town is intersected from north to south by the picturesque Pittencrieff Park, from which the town derives its name and at the bottom of which flows Lyne Burn. Dunfermline has a population of 43,760, however the Settlement of Dunfermline, which also includes the localities of Crossgates, Dalgety Bay, Halbeath, Inverkeithing, North Queensferry and Rosyth, has a population of 75,570, making it the 6th largest settlement in Scotland.

Falkland sits at the foot of the Lomond Hills. The conservation village is best known as the location of Falkland Palace, begun in 1500 by James IV, and the best example of French-influenced Renaissance architecture in the United Kingdom. The palace was built to accommodate the royal Court when they came to Falkland to hunt in the nearby forests; Mary Queen of Scots was a frequent visitor. Whilst Oliver Cromwell's troops didn't directly damage the palace, a fire in 1654 destroyed the East Range. The Court never returned to Falkland Palace after 1665 and until the 19th century the village and palace were neglected. In the late 19th century extensive rebuilding and restoration work began. Today the palace and gardens are open to the public through the National Trust for Scotland.

Glenrothes is approximately equidistant between Edinburgh and Dundee. Glenrothes was the second new town to be designated in Scotland under the New Towns (Scotland) Act 1946. It was established in 1948 and was created to attract new employment and population to mid-Fife with the creation of the Rothes Colliery, a major coal mine. The pit closed in 1961, only 4 years into production because of unstemmable flooding problems and a decline in coal requirements nationwide. However the town went on to become an economic growth point for central Scotland and established itself as an important Silicon Glen centre. Today Glenrothes has a population of 38,679 people based on the 2001 census.

Inverkeithing is located on the Firth of Forth. The port town was given burgh status by King David I of Scotland (1124-53) in the 12th century and is situated about 9 miles (15 km) north from Edinburgh Airport and about 4 miles form the centre of Dunfermline. Modern Inverkeithing is almost continuous with Rosyth and Dalgety  Bay.

Kirkcaldy  is the largest town in Fife by population. The 2001 Census recorded the town's population at 46,912.. Kirkcaldy is known as The Lang Toun (Long Town) in Scots. This name derived from the original expansion of the town in a thin strip parallel to the sea front. The town has since developed further up and down the coast, encompassing formerly separate communities, but also extensively inland, so the term "The Lang Toun" is now only a reference to its historical shape.

Leven is a seaside town on the coast of the Firth of Forth at the mouth of the River Leven. Its population in the 2001 census was just over 8,000. On the coast immediately south-west of Leven are Methil and Buckhaven. The three towns form the Levenmouth conurbation - a small conurbation which had a combined population of just over 24,400 in the 2001 census.

North Queensferry lies between the Forth Bridge and the Forth Road Bridge, and 10 miles (16.1 km) from Edinburgh. One of North Queensferry's biggest attractions today, other than the stunning views it offers of the Forth Bridges, is Deep Sea World, one of the largest and most popular public aquariums in the United Kingdom which was opened in 1993. It boasts impressive displays of local and exotic sea life.

Pittenweem is a small and secluded fishing village tucked in the corner of Fife on the east coast of Scotland. The name derives from Pictish and Scottish Gaelic. "Pit-" represents Pictish pett 'place, portion of land', and "-enweem" is Gaelic na h-Uaimh, 'of the Cave' in Gaelic, so "The place of the cave". The name is rendered Baile na h-Uaimh in modern Gaelic, with baile, 'town, settlement', substituted for the Pictish prefix. The cave in question is almost certainly St Fillan's cave, although there are many indentations along the rocky shores that could have influenced the name.

Saline is situated some 8 kilometers to the north-west of Dunfermline. At the 2001 Census the population was 1188, a decline from the 1235 recorded in the 1991 Census. The burgh has a primary school, a parish church and a golf course. Formerly a weaving centre, Saline was not much redeveloped during the 19th and 20th centuries as the expansion of industrial mining in west Fife largely passed it by. As a result, Saline contains a sizable number of listed buildings, mostly 18th century weaver's cottages. The burgh is dominated to the east-north-east by Saline Hill, 359 meters OD, with a hill fort on the eastern summit. The smaller hill to the south of east at Bandrum has standing stones on the peak.

St Andrews is named after Saint Andrew the Apostle. It has a population of about 18,000, and stands on the North Sea coast between Edinburgh and Dundee. It is home to Scotland's oldest university, the University of St Andrews.  The town of St Andrews is known worldwide as the "home of golf". This is in part because the Royal and Ancient Golf Club, founded in 1754, exercises legislative authority over the game worldwide (except in the United States and Mexico), and also because the famous links (acquired by the town in 1894) is the most frequent venue for The Open Championship, the oldest of golf's four major championships. Visitors travel to St Andrews in great numbers for several courses ranked amongst the finest in the world, as well as for the sandy beaches.

Tayport lies close to the north east tip of Fife. To the north it looks across the River Tay to Broughty Ferry and Broughty Castle. To the east is the vast Tentsmuir Nature Reserve, an area of forested dunes measuring some 3km from east to west and 6km from north to south and edged by wide sands that continue all the way round to the mouth of the River Eden.